Carmen Costea-Bărluțiu*1, Cristina Bălaș-Baconschi1, Andrea Hathazi1
*carmen.costea@ubbcluj.ro
1 Special Education Department, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Abstract
Recently, the focus of both practitioners and researchers on the positive side of mental health and the emphasis on the role of well-being for healthy human functioning have increased. Therefore, the use of appropriate measures for well-being is important, in order to decide the right amount of support that a person needs in order to achieve a good level of psychological health. The aim of the present study is to determine the reliability of the Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-Being (Ryff, 1989; Ryff & Keyes, 1995) and to test the multidimensional model of well-being on a heterogenous Romanian sample. After the initial linguistic adaptation of the instrument, we used it in two larger studies and subsequently tested its factor structure. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis, as well as several descriptive data of the whole sample are presented and discussed. Our investigation shows the moderate adequacy of the 6-factor model, as well as satisfying psychometric values of the scale and further testing of the instrument would be necessary in order to confirm its utility in Romania for both practice and research.
Keywords: psychological well-being, multidimensional model, confirmatory factor analysis, model fit, psychometric properties, cultural adaptation
Published online: 2018/03/01
Published print: 2018/03/01
References
Abbott, R.A., Ploubidis, G.B., Huppert, F.A., Kuh, D., & Croudace, T.J. (2010). An Evaluation of the Precision of Measurement of Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scales in a Population Sample. Social Indicators Research, 97, 357-373.
Armstrong, M.I., Birnie-Lefcovitch, S., & Ungar, M.T. (2005). Pathways Between Social Support, Family Well Being, Quality of Parenting and Child Resilience: What We Know. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 14(2), 269-281.
Benson, P.R. (2012). Network characteristics, perceived social support and psychological adjustment in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 42(12), 2597-2610.
Binnendyk, L., & Lucyshyn, J.M. (2009). A family-centered positive behavior support approach to the amelioration of food refusal behavior: an empirical case study. Journal of Applied Health Behavior 1(2), 16-22.
Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In: Bollen, K. A. & Long, J. S. (Eds.) Testing Structural Equation Models. pp. 136–162. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Burns, R.A., & Machin, M.A. (2009). Investigating the Structural Validity of Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scales Across Two Samples. Social Indicators Research, 93, 359-375.
Choi, S., & Choi, S. (2016). Conceptualizing Ryff’s Psychological Well-being Model with Confucian Perspective. Korean Journal of Sociology, 50, 101-123.
Cowen, E.L. (2000). Psychological wellness: Some hopes for the future. In R.P. Weissberg (Ed.). The promotion of wellness in children and adolescents, pp. 309-339. Washington, DC: CWLA Press.
Forero, C.G., Maydeu-Olivares, A., & Gallardo-Pujol, D. (2009). Factor Analysis with Ordinal Indicators: A Monte Carlo Study Comparing DWLS and ULS Estimation. Structural Equation Modeling, 16, 625-641.
Forgeard, M.J.C., Jayawickreme, E., Kern, M., & Seligman, M.E.P. (2011). Doing the right thing: measuring wellbeing for public policy. International Journal of Wellbeing 1(1), 79-106.
Freire, C., Ferradas, M. del M., Núñez, J.C., & Valle, A. (2017). Estructura factorial de las Escalas de Bienestar Psicológico de Ryff en estudiantes universitarios. European Journal of Education and Psychology, 10(1), 1-8.
Gallardo Cuadra, I., & Moyano-Díaz, E. (2012). Análisis psicométrico de las escalas Ryff (versión española) en una muestra de adolescentes chilenos. Universitas Psychologica, 11(3), 931-939.
Hsu, H.-Y., Hsu, T.-L., Lee, K., & Wolff, L. (2017). Evaluating the Construct Validity of Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-Being Using Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 35(6), 633-638.
Iliescu, D., Sulea, C., Ispas, D., & Ilie, A. (2016 April). An adjectival approach in measuring wellbeing at the workplace. Paper presented at the 12th Conference of the European Academy of Occupational Health Psychology, Athens, Greece.
Jahoda, M. (1958). Current concepts of positive mental health. New York: Basic Books.
Jöreskog, J., & Sörbom, K.G. (2004). LISREL 8.7, Computer Software, Scientific Software International, Inc., Lincolnwood, IL.
Kállay, É., & Rus, C. (2014). Psychometric Properties of the 44-Item Version of Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scale. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 30(1), 15-21.
Li, C.-H. (2016). Confirmatory factor analysis with ordinal data: Comparing robust maximum likelihood and diagonally weighted least squares, Behavioral Research, 48, 936-949.
Li, R.-H. (2014). Reliability and validity of a shorter Chinese version for Ryff’s psychological well-being scale. Health Education Journal, 73(4), 446-452.
Meyers, L. S., Gamst, G., & Guarino, A. J. (2006). Applied multivariate research: Design and interpretation. Sage.
Mirowsky, J., & Ross, C.E. (2003). Social Causes of Psychological Distress. Chicago, IL: Aldine Press.
Nišević, S., & Cigić, D. (2013). Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scales: Factor Structure of Serbian Version, Current Topics in Neurology, Psychiatry & Borderline Disciplines / Aktuelnosti iz Neurologije, Psihijatrije i Granicnih Podrucja, 21(3/4), 8-17.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci E.L. (2000). On happiness and human potential: a review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 141-166.
Ryff, C. D. (1989). “Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 1069–1081.
Ryff, C.D., & Keys. C. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 719-727.
Šarotar Žižek, S., Treven, S., & Čančer, V. (2015). Employees in Slovenia and Their Psychological Well-Being Based on Ryff’s Model of Psychological Well-Being, Social Indicators Research, 121, 483-502.
Sava, F. (2011). Analiza datelor în cercetarea psihologică, Cluj-Napoca: ASCR.
Sirigatti, S., Penzo, I., Iani, L., Mazzeschi, A., Hatalskaja, H., Giannetti, E., & Stefanile, C. (2013). Measurement Invariance of Ryff’s Psychological Well-being Scales Across Italian and Belarusian Students. Social Indicators Research, 113, 67-80.
Springer, K. W., & Hauser, R. M. (2006). An assessment of the construct validity of Ryff’s scales of psychological well-being: Method, mode and measurement effects. Social Science Research, 35, 1079–1101.
Springer, K.W., Pudrovska, T., & Hauser, R.M. (2011). Does psychological well-being change with age? Longitudinal tests of age variations and further exploration of the multidimensionality of Ryff’s model of psychological well-being. Social Science Research, 40, 392-398.
Tint, A., & Weiss, J.A. (2016). Family wellbeing of individuals with autism spectrum disorders: A scoping review. Autism, 20(3), 262-275.
van Dierendonck, D., Díaz, D., Rodríguez-Carvajal, R., Blanco, A., & Moreno-Jiménez, B. (2008). Ryff’s six-factor model of psychological well-being: A Spanish exploration. Social Indicators Research, 87, 473–479.
Wollny, I., Apps J., & Henricson, C. (2010). Can government measure family wellbeing?, London: Family and Parenting Institute.
World Health Organization (WHO) (1948). Constitution of the World Health Organization. Geneva: WHO.