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Unitary Model Of Distress 1

The distinction between functional and dysfunctional negative emotions; an empirical analysis

At present, in the scientific literature concerning negative emotions and distress the unitary model of distress is the dominant model. According to this model, high levels of distress are conceptualized as a high level of negative affect while low levels of distress are conceptualized as a low level of negative affect. The binary model of distress, initially elaborated by Albert Ellis (1994), describes distress as a binary construct, consisting of two distinct components: functional negative emotions and dysfunctional negative emotions. In the present study, using 72 first year undergraduate students as subjects, we tested hypotheses based on the two models of distress: the unitary model and the binary model. The outcome shows qualitative differences between functional negative emotions and dysfunctional negative emotions, gaining support for the binary model of distress. Promising practical implications for psychotherapy are discussed.

Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies

Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies

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Keywords
irrational beliefscbtrebtEditorialdistresscognitive-behavioral therapyappraisalcognitive restructuringschemasautism spectrum disordersbinary model of distressrational emotive behavior theoryconversion disorderautismhypnosispositive illusionstheory of mindearly interventioncommunicationdevelopmentthe Attitudes and Belief Scale 2incompatible information techniquedeficitsneural structurestoddlerscognitive psychologyrational anticipation techniquewithdrawal motivational systemsattributionsfunctional and dysfunctional negative emotionsunitary model of distressmind reading beliefsirrational and rational beliefstreatmenteating behavioursmental healtharousalpre-goal/ post-goal attainment positive emotionsfunctional and dysfunctional emotionscore relational themesapproach motivational systemsdemandingnessdysfunctional consequencesdysfunctional positive emotionspreferences
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